Critical Analysis of Pleasantville Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Analysis of Pleasantville Film - Essay Example She tries to convince David, who thinks it is okay to be the way they were. The family set-up does not go well with her as she finds it boring and sort of a routine. She feels lost and does not belong in the town where people follow same patterns day in day out and where it is forbidden to have their personality. Jennifer, however, adapts to the new lifestyle as she finds the attention from boys and becomes famous. She together with David helps the people of Pleasantville to have their way of thinking (Simon 67-8). The second character is David, who is a quiet, unpopular kid who many people in Pleasantville depended on. He is a loner who is glad to be in Pleasantville, which he thinks of as an escape place. He grows to have leadership characteristics and earns color when he punches out a thug who was attacking his mom. He is protective of his sister and many people in the suburb depend on him for guidance and protection. He is glad that he ends up with a family with values and a home-cooked meal at dinner. His primary aim for the town is to have some flexibility and to be able to adapt to the new ways. He empowers the people of Pleasantville to have their mindset (Simon 67-8). However, it does not go so well as not everyone is for empowerment. David helped in putting out fire from a tree in the suburb. Initially, had been no fire in Pleasantville, and all the firefighters ever did was rescue a cat stuck in a tree. David brought to light and color to the firefighters as he helped them learn to put out a real fire. He is a romantic character when he becomes so happy that it rained for the first time in Pleasantville on the first date with Margaret. Margaret offers him an apple, and when it starts raining, David shields Margaret from the rain using his umbrella.

Methodologies of Microwave Amplifier Design

Methodologies of Microwave Amplifier Design 2.1 ACTIVE DEVICE SELECTION This chapter discusses various methodologies used in the design of single stage microwave amplifiers. Reaching the desired goals of gain, power loss and noise performance requires first selecting a suitable active device (transistor) that meets these goals. The rapid advances in transistor fabrication have permitted the traditional Si transistors to operate in the GHz re- gion. the increase for higher frequency operation drove the innovation of new novel devices with new materials, architectures and geometries Possibly the most significant difference be- tween microwave transistors and the lower frequency ones is in the area of materials. Although low-frequency transistors are fabricated mostly from silicon, the use more costly compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP) proves to be more economical at microwave frequencies because of their performance advantages over silicon. The demand for higher frequencies also produced sophisticated material c onfigurations like the heterojunction transistors which have no low-frequency counterparts. At low frequencies, microwave transistors can be broadly categorized into: the bipolar junc- tion transistors (BJTs) and the field-effect transistors (FETs). At lower frequencies, FETs con- tains the junction FET (JFET) and the metal oxide FET (MOSFET), structural characteristics limits their high frequency operation. GaAs metal semiconductor FET pushed the frequency of operation well into the GHz region. However, in the intervening decades, bipolar device caught up and now it is common to find BJTs operating at the GHz region. The selection of a suitable transistor for the required application is based on the targeted goals of gain, noise and power loss performance. In the following sections, the GaAs HJ-FET transistor NE3210S01 from Renessa Electronics will be used to illustrate the various meth- ods for selecting the appropriate terminations used in constructing matching networks for both narrowband and wideband operation. 2.2 MATCHING NETWORKS TOPOLOGIES Impedance matching involves transforming one impedance to the other. This process is useful in circuits where the mismatch between the source (ZS) and load (ZL) prevents maximum power transfer. Theorem states that for a maximum transfer of power from source to load. Load impedance (ZL) must be equal to the complex conjugate of the source impedance. Complex conjugate is complex impedance having the same real part with an opposite imaginary one. For example, if the source impedance is ZS =R+jX, then its complex conjugate must be ZL =R-jX. For a pure resistive load, equations (2.1) and (2.2) aided with Fig.2.1 shows that a maximum 4 power transfer occurs when RL=RS. VO= VS L RL + RS RL (2.1) PO= V2 S(RL+ RS)2 (2.2) (a) (b) Figure 2.1: (a) Pure resistive circuit with VS=1V and RS=1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦, (b) Maxim power is delivered to the load when RL=RS The same concept can be applied to AC circuits with complex load and source. Equation.2.3 aided with figure Fig.2.2 shows that a maximum power transfer to the load occurs when XL= XS. The value of the power delivered to the load is given by: 1|VS|2 RL PO= 2 (R + RL )2 + (XS + XL (2.3) )2 Where the resistance RS and RL and the reactants XS, XL are the real and imaginary parts of ZS and ZL. The target in applying impedance matching to make the load impedance look like the complex conjugate of the source impedance to attain maximum power transfer to the load. This is shown in Fig. where a matching circuit is placed between points a,b shown in Fig to transfer the load impedance to the complex conjugate value of the source impedance. Since we are dealing with reactances, which are frequency dependent, the matching can occur only at single frequency. That is the frequency at whichXL= Xand, thus, cancellation or resonance occurs. At the surrounding frequencies, the matching becomes worse. This is the main problem in broadband matching where perfect or near perfect matching along the required bandwidth is required. The methods for narraowband and wideband matching is presented later in this chapter. In Fig.2.3b, numerous topologies can be used as a matching network. The shape of the topology can vary from a simple L, Ï€or T networks to a complex ladder circuit or filter design. The concept of matching network can be explained using the two simple L-Matching topologies shown in Fig.2.4a,2.4b. Both B and X values in Fig.2.4 must be chosen to satisfy the condition ZL=ZS*. To achieve this condition, both analytical methods, mostly with the aid of a computer, and graphical procedures, using the Smithchart, can be used. (a) (b)(c) Figure 2.2: (a) AC circuit with complex ZS and ZS, (b) For XS=j5, Maxim power is delivered to the load when XL=-j5 (c) For XS=-j5, Maxim power is delivered to the load when XL=j5 For the case of RL  ¿ Ro, the topology of Fig.2.4a is preferred, where B and X are given by:   RL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   22 XL ± B= ZoRL+ XL−ZoRL (2.4) R22 L+ XL X= BZoRL−XL 1 − BXL (2.5) For the condition of RL ¡Ro the topology of Fig.2.4b is used with B and X given by: 1  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zo−RL B=  ± oL (2.6) X=  ±Ã‚   RL(Zo−RL) −XL(2.7) In both topologies of Fig.2.4, B and X represent either an inductor (L) or capacitor (C). The result is four simple L-matching networks as shown in Fig.2.5. (b) Figure 2.3: (a)Circuit before the matching network(b) Circit after adding the matching network. (a)(b) Figure 2.4: L-Matching topologies, a) used when RL  ¿ Ro, b) used when RL  ¡ Ro 2.3 NARROWBAND DESIGN METHODOLOGIES Analytical Solution Graphical Solution CAD Solution WIDEBAND DESIGN METHODOLOGIES Analytical Solution Graphical Solution CAD Solution (b) (c)(d) Figure 2.5: Four basic L-matching Networks

Metropolitan vs. Colonial Space in Forster’s A Passage to India and Lawrence’s Women in Love :: Passage India

Metropolitan vs. Colonial Space in Forster’s A Passage to India and Lawrence’s Women in Love   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At first glance, it seems easy to state a definitive distinction between what Said calls â€Å"metropolitan space† and â€Å"colonial space.† In its simplest form, metropolitan space is the space occupied by the colonizers. Examples of this include England, France and the places these people reside in while living in these colonies. Likewise, colonial space is that which is occupied by those who are colonized. India and Africa are both good examples of this. However, upon closer inspection, it is clear that this distinction is not as simple as it may originally appear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the above definitions are accurate, they are also incomplete. As Said says, colonialism is not a â€Å"simple act of accumulation and acquisition (9).† The distinction between metropolitan space and colonial space does not lie solely within physical and tangible spaces. It also exists in the mindsets and attitudes of the people involved in colonialism. Said points out that a direct result of colonialism is that it comes with changes in attitudes (52).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another important element of the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces is the understanding that this distinction exists because of the differences in power. Said defines metropolitan space as a â€Å"socially desirable empowered space (52).† He goes on to say that metropolitan spaces are connected to colonial spaces by the â€Å"design, motive and development† of these colonial spaces. Further, he says that cultures want to move into these colonial spaces because they are viewed as ‘desirable but subordinate (52).† This point is especially important to note. There is a definite understanding that those who occupy the metropolitan space have the power while those who occupy the colonial space do not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The vocabulary used is also an essential element of the distinction between the two spaces. Said mentions that some of the key elements/words associated with colonialism include: â€Å"inferior† and â€Å"subordinate peoples. (9)† These terms further reinforce the division of power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India is a prime example of the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces. Using the simplest definition, Forster presents an India where the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces is very clear. Metropolitan space is present in the form of England, but also is present locally in the form of the club. The Indians occupy their own colonial spaces that the British rarely enter into.